EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FROM MICROALGAE, THEIR BIODISTRIBUTION UPON INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION, AND USES THEREOF

Smart overview of the Invention

Microalgae extracellular vesicles (MEVs) are developed for intranasal delivery, enabling targeted delivery to specific brain regions. These vesicles, derived from microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris, are capable of traversing neuronal pathways via the olfactory nerve and lateral olfactory tract (LOT), reaching interconnected brain areas. MEVs are engineered to carry bioactive cargo, potentially offering therapeutic and diagnostic solutions for various brain-related diseases and conditions.

Biodistribution and Pathways

Upon intranasal administration, MEVs follow a distinct biodistribution pattern. They are internalized by olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) and travel through synapses to reach the mitral and tufted neurons. These vesicles then navigate through the LOT, accessing numerous brain regions involved in the olfactory network. This unique pathway allows MEVs to deliver their cargo effectively to targeted brain areas, enhancing their potential as a treatment modality for neurological conditions.

Applications in Brain Disorders

The ability of MEVs to carry bioactive molecules makes them suitable for treating a wide range of brain disorders. These include neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric conditions, and even cancers involving the brain. The compositions can be tailored for specific therapeutic needs by loading them with various cargos such as RNA molecules, peptides, proteins, and small molecules. This flexibility allows MEVs to serve both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

Loading Mechanisms

MEVs can be loaded with bioactive cargo either endogenously or exogenously. Endogenous loading involves genetically modifying microalgae to express desired biomolecules, which are then packaged into MEVs. Exogenous loading is achieved by introducing the cargo post-production. Both methods ensure that MEVs can deliver consistent payloads across different applications, with their biodistribution unaffected by the loading technique.

Potential and Versatility

The versatility of MEVs extends beyond neurological applications. They can be administered through various routes such as intratracheally or orally, allowing them to target different tissues and organs like the lungs, intestine, and liver. This adaptability makes MEVs a promising tool in immunomodulation, oncology, genetic disorders, and more. Their unique ability to cross natural barriers positions them as a significant advancement in targeted drug delivery systems.